🔻 CRANIUM :
The cranium is formed by a number of flat and irregular bones that protects the brain.
It has a base upon which the brain rest and a vault that surrounds and cover it.
The Periosteum lining the inner surface of the skull bones froms the outer layer of dura mater.
In the mature skull the joints (sutures) between the bones are immovable.
The bones have numerous perfo rations les foramina, fissures) through which nerves, blood and lymph vessels pass.
The bones of the cranium are:
• 1 frontal bone.
• 2 parietal bones.
• 2 temporal bones.
•1 occipital bone.
•1 sphenoid bone.
•1 ethmoid bone.
🔴 Head
The head (otherwise called the neurocranium) is framed by the predominant part of the skull. It encases and ensures the cerebrum, meninges, and cerebral vasculature.
Anatomically, the noggin can be partitioned into a rooftop and a base:
Cranial rooftop – included the frontal, occipital and two parietal bones. It is otherwise called the calvarium.
Cranial base – included six bones: frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, occipital, parietal and worldly. These bones articulate with the first cervical vertebra (map book), the facial bones, and the mandible (jaw).
🔴 Face
The facial skeleton (otherwise called the viscerocranium) underpins the delicate tissues of the face.
It comprises of 14 bones, which breaker to house the circles of the eyes, the nasal and oral cavities, and the sinuses. The frontal bone, regularly a bone of the calvaria, is here and there included as a feature of the facial skeleton.
🔻🔻🔻The facial bones are:
🔹Zygomatic (2) – structures the cheek bones of the face and expresses with the frontal, sphenoid, fleeting and maxilla bones.
🔹Lacrimal (2) – the littlest bones of the face. They structure part of the average mass of the circle.
🔹Nasal (2) – two thin bones that are situated at the scaffold of the nose.
Substandard nasal conchae (2) – situated inside the nasal hole, these bones increment the surface territory of the nasal depression, accordingly expanding the measure of roused air that can come into contact with the hole dividers.
🔹Palatine (2) – arranged at the back of oral hole and structures part of the hard sense of taste.
🔹Maxilla (2) – involves part of the upper jaw and hard sense of taste.
🔹Vomer – structures the back part of the nasal septum.
🔹Mandible (jaw) – expresses with the base of the skull at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
